Kaplan Nursing Entrance Practice Exam

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Which of the following correctly describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Energy production
Modification and glycosylation of proteins
Protein synthesis
Cellular division

The correct answer is: Modification and glycosylation of proteins

The Golgi apparatus is primarily responsible for the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. One of its key functions is glycosylation, which is the process of adding carbohydrate groups to proteins, facilitating their proper folding and function. This modification is crucial for the development of glycoproteins, which play significant roles in cell recognition and signaling. In addition to glycosylation, the Golgi apparatus also further processes proteins, such as adding lipid groups, and sorts them to their intended destinations, whether they will be secreted from the cell or sent to other organelles. Collectively, these functions make the Golgi apparatus vital in the post-translational modification of proteins, ensuring that they are ready for their specific roles in the organism. The other options reflect different cellular functions. Energy production is primarily handled by mitochondria, while protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes. Cellular division is facilitated by structures like the spindle apparatus during mitosis and meiosis, rather than the Golgi apparatus.