Kaplan Nursing Entrance Practice Exam

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What is the term for the process of converting mRNA into a protein?

Transcription
Replication
Translation
Translocation

The correct answer is: Translation

The term for the process of converting mRNA into a protein is translation. This is a critical step in protein synthesis where the information encoded in the mRNA sequence is read by ribosomes, which then synthesize a protein by linking together the appropriate amino acids in the order specified by the mRNA. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm and involves several key molecules, including transfer RNA (tRNA), which helps to bring in the correct amino acids to build the protein based on the mRNA sequence. Transcription, on the other hand, refers to the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template. This occurs in the nucleus of the cell and is the first step in the flow of genetic information. Replication involves duplicating DNA to ensure that each new cell receives an identical copy of the DNA during cell division. Translocation, in a biological context, often refers to the movement of a segment of DNA from one location to another or can refer to the movement of specific proteins or organelles within a cell. These processes are distinct from translation and do not involve the direct synthesis of proteins from mRNA.