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What is the primary function of the hormone progesterone?

  1. Stimulates menstruation

  2. Prepares the uterus for implantation

  3. Supports ovulation

  4. Regulates testosterone levels

The correct answer is: Prepares the uterus for implantation

The primary function of progesterone is to prepare the uterus for implantation. After ovulation, progesterone levels rise, leading to changes in the endometrium (the uterine lining). It thickens and becomes more vascularized, creating an optimal environment for a fertilized egg to implant. If implantation occurs, progesterone continues to be secreted, which is essential for maintaining the pregnancy by preventing further ovulation and supporting the growing embryo. In the context of the other options, while progesterone is involved in the menstrual cycle and impacts ovulation indirectly by preparing the body for potential pregnancy, its most crucial role is linked to preparing the uterus. Stimulation of menstruation primarily involves a drop in progesterone, leading to the shedding of the endometric lining if there is no implantation. Support for ovulation is mainly the role of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), while regulation of testosterone levels is more associated with hormones like luteinizing hormone in males. Therefore, the primary role of progesterone distinctly centers on preparing the uterus for implantation.