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What is a gene?
A large, complex structure in the cell
A type of protein
A segment of DNA that functions as a unit
A complete set of chromosomes
The correct answer is: A segment of DNA that functions as a unit
A gene is defined as a segment of DNA that functions as a unit. This segment of DNA carries the instructions for making proteins, which play critical roles in the structure and function of cells and, consequently, the organism as a whole. Genes are the basic units of heredity, and they are responsible for the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next. The precise sequence of nucleotides within a gene determines the information encoded, including which proteins will be produced and their specific characteristics. Understanding the role of genes provides insight into how genetic variations can lead to differences in physical traits, susceptibility to diseases, and overall health. This fundamental concept is key to both genetics and biology, laying the groundwork for further exploration into genetic engineering, medical genetics, and biotechnology.