Kaplan Nursing Entrance Practice Exam

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What does the term 'gout' refer to?

A disease characterized by the metabolism of uric acid
A type of cardiovascular disorder
An infection in the joints
A chronic respiratory condition

The correct answer is: A disease characterized by the metabolism of uric acid

Gout refers to a disease characterized by the metabolism of uric acid. It is a form of inflammatory arthritis that occurs when there is an excess accumulation of uric acid in the body, leading to the formation of urate crystals in the joints. This condition is marked by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and swelling, often affecting the big toe. Understanding that gout is specifically related to uric acid metabolism distinguishes it from other conditions. The body typically produces uric acid during the natural breakdown of purines, substances found in certain foods and drinks. When the kidneys are unable to filter out enough uric acid or when too much is produced, hyperuricemia occurs, paving the way for gout attacks. Other options describe different health issues. Cardiovascular disorders pertain to heart and blood vessel conditions, infections in the joints usually involve inflammation due to pathogens, and chronic respiratory conditions are diseases affecting the airways and lungs. Therefore, the defining aspect of gout related to uric acid metabolism makes it clear why this answer is correct.