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The term that best refers to the measure of how much matter is in an object is mass. Mass is a fundamental property of matter and is defined as the amount of substance or material contained in an object. It is typically measured in units such as kilograms or grams.

When discussing weight, it is important to note that weight is the force exerted by gravity on an object, which can change depending on the gravitational field. Thus, while weight is related to mass, it is not the same measure.

Temperature refers to the degree of heat present in a substance and does not relate to the quantity of matter. Volume measures the amount of space an object occupies but does not quantify how much matter is contained within that space.

Understanding these distinctions highlights why mass is the correct term for measuring the amount of matter in an object.