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The primary role of the endocrine system is to secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target organs and tissues. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating a wide range of bodily functions, including metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, and mood. The specific glands in the endocrine system, such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland, produce and release hormones that help maintain homeostasis within the body.

While other options may relate to important bodily functions, they do not encompass the primary role of the endocrine system. For instance, the regulation of body temperature is primarily managed by the hypothalamus and other systems, rather than being a direct function of hormones alone. The first response to stress mainly involves the nervous system, particularly the sympathetic nervous system, which acts quickly to initiate the "fight or flight" response before hormonal regulation comes into play. Filtration of blood is a function of the kidneys, which are part of the renal system, and while hormones can influence kidney function, they do not perform the filtration process themselves. Understanding the primary function of the endocrine system as hormone secretion highlights its essential role in maintaining overall health and balance in the body.